How often......?
۴:۴۸
آموزش زبان انگلیسی در راه آهن
How often......?
How often......?در چه سوالاتی از کلمه پرسشی ( how often ) استفاده کنیم؟زمانیکه به دنبال پاسخ در خصوص تعداد دفعات انجام یک کاری هستیم یا میخواهیم بدانیم آن فعالیت بطور منظم چه زمان هایی انجام می گردد.
نکته : وقتی سوال بصورت کلی از برنامه روزانه شخصی است حتما در زمان حال ساده این سوال پرسیده میشود.مثال:How often do you brush your teeth?هر چند وقت یکبار (چندبار) شما مسواک می زنید؟
How often does he go to the gym in a week?او در هفته چند بار به باشگاه ورزشی می رود؟
How often do they watch TV in a month?آنها در یک ماه چقدر تلویزیون تماشا می کنند یا چند بار تلویزیون تماشا می کنند؟
حالا اگر بخواهید به این سوالات پاسخ دهید و به تعداد دفعات اشاره نمایید. میتوانید از قیود تکرار ( adverbs of frequency ) که قبلا در این کانال تدریس شده استفاده نمایید. مانند : always,often, usually,....
و یا از نمونه هایی که در تصویر اشاره شده استفاده نمایید.Once a dayیکبار در هفتهDaily هر روزهEvery dayهر روزEvery two daysهر دو روز
نکته : وقتی سوال بصورت کلی از برنامه روزانه شخصی است حتما در زمان حال ساده این سوال پرسیده میشود.مثال:How often do you brush your teeth?هر چند وقت یکبار (چندبار) شما مسواک می زنید؟
How often does he go to the gym in a week?او در هفته چند بار به باشگاه ورزشی می رود؟
How often do they watch TV in a month?آنها در یک ماه چقدر تلویزیون تماشا می کنند یا چند بار تلویزیون تماشا می کنند؟
حالا اگر بخواهید به این سوالات پاسخ دهید و به تعداد دفعات اشاره نمایید. میتوانید از قیود تکرار ( adverbs of frequency ) که قبلا در این کانال تدریس شده استفاده نمایید. مانند : always,often, usually,....
و یا از نمونه هایی که در تصویر اشاره شده استفاده نمایید.Once a dayیکبار در هفتهDaily هر روزهEvery dayهر روزEvery two daysهر دو روز
۸:۵۰
mistake VS errorدر زبان انگلیسی، معنی هر دو این کلمات "اشتباه" است. ولیکن در معنی و مفهوم کاربرد متفاوت هستند. لذا با انتخاب درست هر کدام میتوانیم منظورمان را بهتر انتقال دهیم.mistake مربوط به اشتباهاتی هست که سهوا و یا از روی بی دقتی رخ میدهد.( اشتباه ساده یا گاهی از روی سوءتفاهم). شخصی دانش انجام کاری را دارد ولیکن دقت لازم را در حین انجام آن کار نداشته.مثال:She took the wrong bus by mistake.او اشتباهی سوار اتوبوس دیگری شد. ( این اتفاق از روی بی دقتی فرد رخ داده است؛ مسلما به شماره درست اتوبوس دقت نکرده و سوار اتوبوس اشتباهی شده است)
نکته : در زبان انگلیسی اصطلاح by mistake یعنی اشتباهی، سهوا
Errorاشتباهی است که به علت عدم دانش لازم برای انجام کاری بوجود می آید؛ بنابراین نمی تواند آن را اصلاح کند و نیاز به راهنمایی دارد.
مثال:Grammatical errors are ones that students don’t know how to correct.
اشتباهات گرامری خطاهایی هستند که دانش آموزان نمی دانند چگونه آنها را اصلاح کنند.
نکته : در زبان انگلیسی اصطلاح by mistake یعنی اشتباهی، سهوا
Errorاشتباهی است که به علت عدم دانش لازم برای انجام کاری بوجود می آید؛ بنابراین نمی تواند آن را اصلاح کند و نیاز به راهنمایی دارد.
مثال:Grammatical errors are ones that students don’t know how to correct.
اشتباهات گرامری خطاهایی هستند که دانش آموزان نمی دانند چگونه آنها را اصلاح کنند.
۶:۴۷
please read the text and think about following new words and expressions.
make a mistake be afraid ofmake an error opportunity improve
make a mistake be afraid ofmake an error opportunity improve
۶:۵۲
آموزش زبان انگلیسی در راه آهن mistake VS error در زبان انگلیسی، معنی هر دو این کلمات "اشتباه" است. ولیکن در معنی و مفهوم کاربرد متفاوت هستند. لذا با انتخاب درست هر کدام میتوانیم منظورمان را بهتر انتقال دهیم. mistake مربوط به اشتباهاتی هست که سهوا و یا از روی بی دقتی رخ میدهد.( اشتباه ساده یا گاهی از روی سوءتفاهم). شخصی دانش انجام کاری را دارد ولیکن دقت لازم را در حین انجام آن کار نداشته. مثال: She took the wrong bus by mistake. او اشتباهی سوار اتوبوس دیگری شد. ( این اتفاق از روی بی دقتی فرد رخ داده است؛ مسلما به شماره درست اتوبوس دقت نکرده و سوار اتوبوس اشتباهی شده است) نکته : در زبان انگلیسی اصطلاح by mistake یعنی اشتباهی، سهوا Error اشتباهی است که به علت عدم دانش لازم برای انجام کاری بوجود می آید؛ بنابراین نمی تواند آن را اصلاح کند و نیاز به راهنمایی دارد. مثال: Grammatical errors are ones that students don’t know how to correct. اشتباهات گرامری خطاهایی هستند که دانش آموزان نمی دانند چگونه آنها را اصلاح کنند.
mistake VS error در زبان انگلیسی، معنی هر دو این کلمات "اشتباه" است. ولیکن در معنی و مفهوم کاربرد متفاوت هستند. لذا با انتخاب درست هر کدام میتوانیم منظورمان را بهتر انتقال دهیم. mistake مربوط به اشتباهاتی هست که سهوا و یا از روی بی دقتی رخ میدهد.( اشتباه ساده یا گاهی از روی سوءتفاهم). شخصی دانش انجام کاری را دارد ولیکن دقت لازم را در حین انجام آن کار نداشته. مثال: She took the wrong bus by mistake. او اشتباهی سوار اتوبوس دیگری شد. ( این اتفاق از روی بی دقتی فرد رخ داده است؛ مسلما به شماره درست اتوبوس دقت نکرده و سوار اتوبوس اشتباهی شده است) نکته : در زبان انگلیسی اصطلاح by mistake یعنی اشتباهی، سهوا Error اشتباهی است که به علت عدم دانش لازم برای انجام کاری بوجود می آید؛ بنابراین نمی تواند آن را اصلاح کند و نیاز به راهنمایی دارد. مثال: Grammatical errors are ones that students don’t know how to correct. اشتباهات گرامری خطاهایی هستند که دانش آموزان نمی دانند چگونه آنها را اصلاح کنند.Please choose the best answer. 1. She made several grammatical __ in her essay.a) mistakesb) errors
2. I called the wrong number by .
a) mistake
b) error
3. There was a calculation in the financial report.a) mistakeb) error
4. He realized his __ and apologized immediately.a) mistakeb) error
5. The teacher corrected five spelling .
a) mistakes
b) errors
6. I made a big in trusting him.a) mistakeb) error
7. The software has a bug. It shows an .
a) mistake
b) error
8. The map has several in the directions.a) mistakesb) errors
9. Don’t worry, it was just a small ____.a) mistakeb) error
10. I know the rule, so that was only a speaking ____.a) mistakeb) error
2. I called the wrong number by .
a) mistake
b) error
3. There was a calculation in the financial report.a) mistakeb) error
4. He realized his __ and apologized immediately.a) mistakeb) error
5. The teacher corrected five spelling .
a) mistakes
b) errors
6. I made a big in trusting him.a) mistakeb) error
7. The software has a bug. It shows an .
a) mistake
b) error
8. The map has several in the directions.a) mistakesb) errors
9. Don’t worry, it was just a small ____.a) mistakeb) error
10. I know the rule, so that was only a speaking ____.a) mistakeb) error
۵:۰۰
FORMAL WRITING English for Business
Use “softening phrases” to sound professional and avoid sounding aggressive
In business communication, especially when rejecting an offer, correcting someone, or requesting changes, native speakers often use softening expressions to keep the tone polite.
Examples:
Instead of “You are wrong,” say:“I’m not sure that aligns with our data.”
Instead of “Send it today,” say:“Could you please send it today?”
Instead of “I don’t agree,” say:“I see your point, but I have a different perspective.”
These expressions make your communication more diplomatic and help maintain good business relationships.
Here are 20 essential softening phrases you can use in business English to sound polite, professional, and diplomatic, especially in negotiations and emails:
---
Softening Phrases for Disagreeing Politely
1. I see your point, but…
2. I’m afraid I have a different view.
3. I’m not sure that would work for us.
4. I understand your concern; however…
5. That could be an option, although…
---
Softening Phrases for Making Requests
6. Could you please…?
7. Would it be possible to…?
8. When you have a moment, could you…?
9. I’d appreciate it if you could…
10. May I kindly ask you to…?
---
Softening Phrases for Giving Negative Information
11. Unfortunately, we are unable to…
12. I’m sorry, but that won’t be possible.
13. At this stage, we can’t confirm that.
14. I’m afraid there has been a delay.
15. We may need more time to review this.
---
Softening Phrases for Suggesting Alternatives
16. Perhaps we could consider…
17. Another option might be…
18. We could look into this solution instead.
19. It may be better if we…
20. Would you be open to exploring…?
Use “softening phrases” to sound professional and avoid sounding aggressive
In business communication, especially when rejecting an offer, correcting someone, or requesting changes, native speakers often use softening expressions to keep the tone polite.
Examples:
Instead of “You are wrong,” say:“I’m not sure that aligns with our data.”
Instead of “Send it today,” say:“Could you please send it today?”
Instead of “I don’t agree,” say:“I see your point, but I have a different perspective.”
These expressions make your communication more diplomatic and help maintain good business relationships.
Here are 20 essential softening phrases you can use in business English to sound polite, professional, and diplomatic, especially in negotiations and emails:
---
Softening Phrases for Disagreeing Politely1. I see your point, but…
2. I’m afraid I have a different view.
3. I’m not sure that would work for us.
4. I understand your concern; however…
5. That could be an option, although…
---
Softening Phrases for Making Requests6. Could you please…?
7. Would it be possible to…?
8. When you have a moment, could you…?
9. I’d appreciate it if you could…
10. May I kindly ask you to…?
---
Softening Phrases for Giving Negative Information11. Unfortunately, we are unable to…
12. I’m sorry, but that won’t be possible.
13. At this stage, we can’t confirm that.
14. I’m afraid there has been a delay.
15. We may need more time to review this.
---
Softening Phrases for Suggesting Alternatives16. Perhaps we could consider…
17. Another option might be…
18. We could look into this solution instead.
19. It may be better if we…
20. Would you be open to exploring…?
۹:۵۸
آموزش زبان انگلیسی در راه آهن
Please think about the following question and choose the best answer: My friend and I prefer watching movies at home. Also, we are really interested........ action movies. A) in B) on C) at The answer will be explained later.
The answer is (a)We are really interested in action movies.ما واقعا به فیلم های اکشن علاقه داریم.
️(To be interested in)به چیزی یا انجام کاری علاقه داشتند.
I am interested in learning English. به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی علاقه دارم.
️(To be interested in)به چیزی یا انجام کاری علاقه داشتند.I am interested in learning English. به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی علاقه دارم.
۷:۳۸
FORMAL WRITING English for Business
“Nominalization” is one of the most important techniques in Business English
Nominalization means changing a verb into a noun to make your sentence more formal, professional, and concise — something very common in business texts such as reports, formal emails, and contracts.
Examples:
We decided to expand the project.→ We made a decision to expand the project.(“decided” becomes “decision”)
The company improved sales.→ The company made an improvement in sales.
They analyzed the data.→ They conducted an analysis of the data.
Why is it important?
It makes your writing more professional It is essential for report writing, contracts, and official letters It is very common in managerial presentations It helps you sound more formal and organized
20 Nominalization Examples (1–20)
1. We made a decision to reduce costs.
2. We need approval from management.
3. The team conducted an analysis of the data.
4. We saw a major improvement in sales.
5. The company made an investment in new equipment.
6. The expansion of operations will begin next year.
7. The negotiation was successful.
8. Better organization is needed.
9. We completed an evaluation of the risks.
10. Clear communication is essential.
11. Production increased by 12%.
12. The client’s reaction was positive.
13. We have a recommendation for improvement.
14. The delivery was delayed.
15. They reached an agreement after the meeting.
16. The development of the product is complete.
17. This has no relation to the previous issue.
18. Thank you for your assistance.
19. Your application has been received.
20. The implementation of the plan starts tomorrow.
“Nominalization” is one of the most important techniques in Business EnglishNominalization means changing a verb into a noun to make your sentence more formal, professional, and concise — something very common in business texts such as reports, formal emails, and contracts.
Examples:
We decided to expand the project.→ We made a decision to expand the project.(“decided” becomes “decision”)
The company improved sales.→ The company made an improvement in sales.
They analyzed the data.→ They conducted an analysis of the data.
Why is it important?
It makes your writing more professional It is essential for report writing, contracts, and official letters It is very common in managerial presentations It helps you sound more formal and organized 20 Nominalization Examples (1–20)1. We made a decision to reduce costs.
2. We need approval from management.
3. The team conducted an analysis of the data.
4. We saw a major improvement in sales.
5. The company made an investment in new equipment.
6. The expansion of operations will begin next year.
7. The negotiation was successful.
8. Better organization is needed.
9. We completed an evaluation of the risks.
10. Clear communication is essential.
11. Production increased by 12%.
12. The client’s reaction was positive.
13. We have a recommendation for improvement.
14. The delivery was delayed.
15. They reached an agreement after the meeting.
16. The development of the product is complete.
17. This has no relation to the previous issue.
18. Thank you for your assistance.
19. Your application has been received.
20. The implementation of the plan starts tomorrow.
۴:۵۱
20 NEW sentences with nominalizationsand
A short exercise + answers---
20 New Nominalization Sentences1. There was a clear increase in customer satisfaction this month.
2. The manager gave his approval for the new budget.
3. We must have a detailed analysis before moving forward.
4. Their quick response helped solve the issue.
5. The company made a large investment in marketing.
6. We expect an expansion of the project next quarter.
7. The final recommendation will be sent tomorrow.
8. Proper communication prevented misunderstandings.
9. Our evaluation shows strong market potential.
10. The implementation of the new system was smooth.
11. Sales improvement was noticeable in Q2.
12. The development of the app is ahead of schedule.
13. We achieved an agreement after two hours of discussion.
14. The delivery arrived earlier than planned.
15. Her assistance was extremely helpful.
16. The CEO’s announcement surprised everyone.
17. A full investigation will be conducted.
18. Their participation in the project is essential.
19. The presentation was very professional.
20. We made a revision to the original plan.
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Practice Exercise (Fill in the blanks)Choose the correct nominalization of the verb in parentheses.
1. We need your __ before we continue. (approve)
2. The team completed an __ of the report. (analyze)
3. There was a major __ in performance. (improve)
4. The company made an __ in new technology. (invest)
5. A full __ will start tomorrow. (investigate)
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Answers1. approval
2. analysis
3. improvement
4. investment
5. investigation
۴:۵۶