List Methods in Python

ایجاد لیست

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
empty_list = []

متدهای اصلی

append() — اضافه کردن به انتها

fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
fruits.append("cherry")
print(fruits) # ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
fruits.extend(["cherry", "date"])
print(fruits) # ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date']

fruits = ["apple", "cherry"]
fruits.insert(1, "banana")
print(fruits) # ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

متدهای حذف

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits) # ['apple', 'cherry']

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
removed = fruits.pop(1)
print(removed) # banana
print(fruits) # ['apple', 'cherry']

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.clear()
print(fruits) # []

متدهای جستجو

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits.index("cherry")) # 2

nums = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4]
print(nums.count(2)) # 3

متدهای مرتب‌سازی و معکوس کردن

nums = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2]
nums.sort()
print(nums) # [1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9]

nums.sort(reverse=True)
print(nums) # [9, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1]

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.reverse()
print(fruits) # ['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']

متدهای کپی

original = [1, 2, 3]
new_list = original.copy()
print(new_list) # [1, 2, 3]

نکات تکمیلی مهم

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print("banana" in fruits) # True

list1 = [1, 2]
list2 = [3, 4]
print(list1 + list2) # [1, 2, 3, 4]

squares = [x**2 for x in range(5)]
print(squares) # [0, 1, 4, 9, 16]

print(len([1, 2, 3])) # 3
min() و max():
nums = [3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2]
print(min(nums)) # 1
print(max(nums)) # 9

@python4all_pro

فریمورک Pytest چیه

چرا محبوبه؟

یه مثال ساده:

# math_tools.py
def add(a, b):
return a + b# test_math_tools.py
from math_tools import add

def test_add():
assert add(2, 3) == 5
assert add(-1, 1) == 0

سایت رسمی: https://docs.pytest.org

گیت‌هاب: https://github.com/pytest-dev/pytest

PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/pytest/

@python4all_pro

import pdf_inspector

result = pdf_inspector.process_pdf("document.pdf")

# تشخیص نوع سند
print(result.pdf_type)  # "text_based", "scanned", "mixed"

# خروجی مارک‌داون
print(result.markdown)

@Python4all_pro *